| Program Components |
| N/Type of Studies | Base | Model | School | Parent | Media | Community Organization | Policy | Drug Use Outcome |
| Theory | Research | Process | Structure |
| 2 drug prevention studies (Schinke et al. 1992; St. Pierre et al. 1992) | Y | Y | N | N | | | | Community leader and peer training, education, complementary club activities | | Decrease in cigarette, alcohol, marijuana use |
| 1 smoking prevention review (50 coalitions) (Gottlieb et al. 1993) | N | Y | N | Y | | | | Coalitions for training, distribution, release of materials, mass media coverage, lobbying | | Not reported |
| 2 smoking prevention studies (Kaufman et al.1994; Flynn et al.1992) | N | Y | N | N | Education vs* | | Education coverage | | | Smoking decreased during intervention |
| 1 smoking prevention study, 1 review (4 studies) (Flay et al.1995, 1985) | Y | Y | N | N | Education vs | Homework, education
vs | Education | | | Parent decreased smoking with school + parental intervention |
| 1 smoking prevention study (Murray et al. 1994) | Y | Y | N | N | Education, vs | Homework, education vs | Campaign | | | No effects |
| 4 drug prevention studies (Rosenbaum et al. 1994; Wiener et al.1993; Carlson 1990,1994) | N | N | N | Y | Education, SAPs | | | Police as trainers, task force | | Delayed onset in 1 study; no overall effects |
| 3 cardiovascular health studies with smoking prevention component (Perry et al. 1992; Barthold et al. 1993; Shea et al. 1992) | Y | Y | Y | Y | Education | Homework | Coverage, campaigns | Task force, distribution of materials, community education | Product availability | 8% difference in weekly smoking at 5 -year followup |
| 1 smokeless tobacco prevention study (Stevens et al. 1993) | N | Y | N | Y | Education vs | Education vs | | Task force | | No effects |
| 1 drug prevention study (Kantor et al. 1992) | N | N | N | Y | SAPs, core team | | | Involvement in core team | | Not reported |
| 1 alcohol prevention study (Perry et al. 1996) | Y | Y | N | Y | Peer-led education | Homework, education | | Task force, education | Policy change | 6% difference in monthly alcohol use at 3-year followup |
| 1 drug prevention study (Eggert et al. 1990) | N | Y | N | N | Education, counseling | Parent reinforcement education | | Peer support | | Decreased drug use reported in 1 study |
| 1 smoking prevention study (Jason et al. 1991) | N | N | N | N | Policy education | | Policy education | | Possession | Smoking decreased during intervention |
| 1 drug prevention study (Johnson et al.1990; Pentz et al. 1989; Pentz 1993) | Y | Y | Y | Y | Education, lobbying | Education | Program, coverage | | Task force, training | 20% to 40% decrease in monthly and daily use through 5-year followup; effects on parent use at 3-year followup |
| 1 alcohol prevention study (Hingson et al. 1996) | N | Y | N | Y | Peer-led education | | Campaign | Task force | Restricted access | 39% decrease in youth DUI fatalities |
| 1 drug prevention study (12 demonstrations) (Sobol et al. 1989) | N | N | N | Y | | | Information campaign | Community coalition, service agency networking, law enforcement | | No effects on drug use |
| 1 drug prevention study (24 demonstrations) (Center for Substance Abuse Prevention 1996) | N | N | Y | Y | | | Information campaign | Community partnership coalition, law enforcement | Policy change | No effects on youth drug use |
* Refers to a comparison between program components included in a study, e.g., a school educational program compared to media coverage of education.
SOURCE: Reprinted with permission. M.A. Pentz, 1998.
